Dietary inflammatory index and cortical bone outcomes in healthy adolescent children.
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UNLABELLED: Diet is thought to modulate inflammation. This study shows no relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and biomarkers of inflammation or bone after adjusting for covariates. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was inversely associated with peripheral tibia cortical thickness and prospective childhood studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and to determine if there are long-term consequences in adulthood. INTRODUCTION: Examine the relationships between the DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation in 290 adolescents, ages 9-13years. METHODS: DII-scores were calculated from 3-day diet records and categorized into tertiles, low (<-1.34), medium (-1.34 to 1.41), and high (>1.41) inflammation. Radius and tibia bone were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT 2000) at the 66% site relative to the distal growth plate. Fasting serum was measured for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The relationships between DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation were assessed using bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for sexual maturation, sex, race, muscle cross-sectional area, and height. ANOVA/ANCOVA models were used to compare DII-tertiles with dependent variables. RESULTS: DII-scores were negatively associated with tibia trabecular area (TtAr; r=-.141, P=.019), periosteal perimeter (PsPM; r=-.145, P=.016), endosteal perimeter (r=-.145, P=.016), strength strain index (SSI; r=-.129, P=.032), and radius TtAr (r=-.140, P=.020), PsPM (r=-.138, P=.027) and SSI (r=-.131, P=.036) but nullified when adjusting for covariates. Tibia PsPM was higher in the low DII group compared to the medium (P=.050) and high (P=.046) groups but nullified after controlling for covariates. DII-scores were not associated with TNF-, VEGF, or IL-6, but were associated with MCP-1 only in the unadjusted model (r=.125, P=.042). In the adjusted model, MCP-1 was inversely associated with tibia cortical thickness (r=-.150 P=.030). CONCLUSION: The DII-scores were not related to biomarkers of inflammation or bone; however, the biomarker of inflammation, MCP-1 was negatively associated with tibia CtTh. Future prospective pediatric studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and determine if there are long-term implications in adulthood.
