Abstract P176: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies - A Comparative Prospective Study
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Background: Preeclampsia (PreE) is de novo development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation with multiple pathophysiologic triggers affecting 3-8% of pregnancies. PreE has a significant link to alterations of feto-placental stress that pass to the offspring causing detrimental effects. We assessed and compared the pregnancy outcomes between patients with and without PreE. Methods: We recruited 35 normal pregnant (NP) and 25 PreE consenting patients in an IRB approved prospective study at Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas. We evaluated maternal age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, proteinuria, and gestational age at delivery. We divided the PreE subjects into early (before 34 weeks) and late PreE (after 34 weeks) groups and compared their outcomes. Placental thickness and volumes were measured. We also evaluated neonates for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestational age at birth, anthropometric measurements including Ponderal Index (PI), length of hospitalization and other neonatal complications. Comparisons were performed using Students t test. Results: Maternal: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in PreE (SBP 166 11; DBP 93 10) compared to normal pregnancies (SBP 122 10; DBP 74 9; p <0.05 for each case). PreE mothers had higher urinary protein excretion (457mg/24h 140) compared to NP (160 mg/24h 44; p <0.05 for each case). We did not find any difference in body mass index (BMI). Placenta: The placental thickness in early PreE subjects was 25mm compared to 32mm in late PreE (p <0.05) and placental volume in early PreE 296 cm 3 compared to 393cm 3 (p <0.05). Neonatal: The average GA at delivery was lower in PreE (34.8 wks. 4) compared to NP (39.2 weeks 0.3; p <0.05). Average hospital stay for PreE babies were longer (20 days 5) compared to NP (2 days 1; p <0.05). The PreE babies were SGA with lower PI (2.28 0.3) compare to the NP babies (2.95 0.2; p <0.05). Gestational age at delivery in early PreE is 32.4 weeks vs 36.8 weeks in late PreE (p <0.05). About 56% of the infants who are born to early PreE are small for gestational age (SGA) and 30% of the infants who are born to late PreE are SGA. PreE babies had multiple complications compared to NP babies.
