Antiinflammatory effects of aai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) extract on normal intestinal CCD18Co cells
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abstract
Aai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has a growing demand due to its health benefits and antioxidant capacity. Another property of the fruit is its ability to potentially reduce inflammation leading to irritable bowel disease. This study evaluated the antiinflammatory effects of aai polyphenolic extract in noncancer human colon fibroblasts cells (CCD18). The polyphenolic profile of aai extract was analyzed by HPLCMS and it was assessed in CCD18 cells using the cell proliferation assay, the dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS), qRTPCR for mRNA, and Western Blot for protein levels. The major compounds present in aai extract were cyanidinrutinoside (1395.3 mg/L) and cyanidinOglucoside (451.5 mg/L). The antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the single compound cyanidin3Oglucoside were evaluated to determine if the beneficial effects of aa can be attributed to this compound. The extract (15 mg gallic acid equivalent/L) did not reduce cell growth significantly, but reduced ROS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS 0.53fold). Cyanidin3Oglucoside (15 mg/L) did not inhibit cell proliferation in CCD18Co. Aai extract (5 mg GAE/L) downregulated the LPSinduced expression of TNF (to 0.42 fold), COX2 (to 0.61fold), TLR4 (to 0.52fold), TRAF6 (to 0.64fold), NFkB (to 0.76fold), VCAM1 (to 0.71fold) and ICAM1 (to 0.68fold). The protein levels of COX2, TLR4, p NFkB and ICAM1 stimulated by LPS were also downregulated by the extract in a dosedependent manner. Cyanidin3Oglucoside showed similar antiinflammatory effects. These results suggest the antiinflammatory effect of aai polyphenolic extract in intestinal cells, involving the inhibition of tolllike receptor4 (TLR4) and factor nuclear kappaB (NFkB). Our results indicate the potential for acai polyphenolics in the prevention of intestinal inflammation.
