Effects of perineural administration of ropivacaine combined with perineural or intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine for sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in dogs.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of using ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in dogs. ANIMALS: 7 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES: In phase 1, dogs received each of the following 3 treatments in random order: perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine (0.4 mL/kg) mixed with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.04 mL/kg; DEX0PN), 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (1 g/kg; DEX1PN), and 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (2 g/kg; DEX2PN). In phase 2, dogs received perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine and an IV injection of diluted dexmedetomidine (1 g/kg; DEX1IV). For perineural injections, the dose was divided equally between the 2 sites. Duration of sensory blockade was evaluated, and plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Duration of sensory blockade was significantly longer with DEX1PN and DEX2PN, compared with DEX0PN; DEX1IV did not prolong duration of sensory blockade, compared with DEX0PN. Peak plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were reached after 15 minutes with DEX1PN (mean SD, 348 200 pg/mL) and after 30 minutes DEX2PN (816 607 pg/mL), and bioavailability was 54 40% and 73 43%, respectively. The highest plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was measured with DEX1IV (1,032 415 pg/mL) 5 minutes after injection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that perineural injection of 0.5% ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine (1 g/kg) for locoregional anesthesia in dogs seemed to balance the benefit of prolonging sensory nerve blockade while minimizing adverse effects.
