Strengthening from Nb-rich clusters in a Nb-microalloyed steel
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abstract
We demonstrate that a Nb-microalloyed ultra-thin cast strip steel can be strengthened substantially without compromising ductility by performing a simple heat treatment at 700 C for 4 min. The strengthening was attributed to a fine dispersion of Nb-rich solute atom clusters. These clusters had an average size of 60 atoms at peak hardness and resembled Guinier-Preston zones in Al-Cu alloys. The application of the Ashby-Orowan equation indicates that these clusters are potent strengthening agents when compared to conventional Nb(C,N) precipitation strengthening. 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.