Late-Season Sour Orange Seeds: a Major Source of Deacetylnomilin
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abstract
The genus Citrus contains several biologically-active limonoids that are uniquely distributed by only certain members of the Rutaceae family. Deacetylnomilin and other limonoids possess various biological activities, such as anti-proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, colon cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. Deacetylnomilin also has antifungal and antibacterial properties. In the present work, isolation of the limonoid aglycones from seeds of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), a widely-used rootstock species, was investigated. Seed powder was extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with hexane and ethyl acetate consecutively for 16h. The ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with different mobile phases. All the fractions were analyzed for putative compounds of interest using a TLC and HPLC. Fractions containing similar spots were pooled and crystallized. The total yield of deacetylnomilin was 4.9 g per 6.9 kg dry weight. Purity of the isolated compound was assessed by an HPLC using a C18column and detection at 210 nm. Furthermore, the structure of this compound was confirmed by mass spectrometry. This is the first report demonstrating significant yields of deacetylnomilin from late harvested sour orange seeds. Hence, seeds from such fruit may be a better source of deacetylnomilin for bioactivity assay studies.
