Mango polyphenols (Mangifera Indica L.) and their microbial metabolites suppress adipogenesis and fat accumulation by mediating AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3L-1 adipocytes
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The prevalence of obesity and obesityrelated diseases has increased dramatically in the United States over the last decades. Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue and other metabolic tissues associated with abnormal levels of adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines. Previously, polyphenols were shown to have antilipogenic and antiinflammatory properties. The AMPKsignaling pathway is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and inflammation and has been considered a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of obesity. In this study, mango and its microbial metabolites, were tested to determine their roles in regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis via the activation of AMPK in differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes. Treatments inhibited cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. The activation of AMPK pathways by mango polyphenols suppressed cell differentiation via modulation of the mitotic clonal expansion phase, and reduced the mRNA levels of PPAR, C/EBP and SRBEP1c. It also exerted an inhibitory effect on the adipogenic gene expression of FAS, ACC, as well as a stimulative effect on lipolytic gene expression of HSL, ATGL, and fatty acid transporters. The levels of NFB and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1, IL6 and TNF were reduced by our mango and its metabolites. These results suggest that a diet abundant in mango might be helpful in the prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.
