Daily Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Consumption for 42 Days Differentially Modulates Metabolism and Inflammation in Lean and Obese Individuals
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Excess weight and body fat increase the risk of developing multiple medical conditions, including Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, which pose major threats to public health. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been recommended for preventing metabolic disorder and cardiovascular disease. Mangoes are reported to have high concentrations of polyphenols that exert potent antiinflammatory activities relevant to the treatment of chronic diseases and cancer, as demonstrated in preclinical studies. However, the number of human clinical trials examining the metabolic effects of mango polyphenols is limited. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of daily mango consumption for 42 days in lean and obese individuals. In this study, 21 healthy lean (BMI 1825kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30kg/m2) subjects aged 1855, were continuously provided with 400g of mango pulp for 42 days. Inflammatory cytokines, metabolic hormones, and lipid profiles were examined in plasma at a baseline and after 42 days of treatment. A threeday food record was filled out for dietary assessment prior to each clinical visit. Results revealed that 42 days of mango consumption decreased systolic blood pressure (mean SD: 119.8313.16 vs. 115.4212.33; p<0.05) in lean subjects, but had no significant effect in obese subjects. The level of hemoglobin A1c was improved significantly in obese but not lean subjects. Reduced expression of PAI1, associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, was observed in both groups (In lean group, mean SD: 30.9318.12 vs. 23.6917.58; p<0.1; In obese group, mean SD: 31.348.09 vs. 24.9312.20; p<0.05). There was a nonsignificant trend towards lowered levels of Creactive protein, and elevated levels of IL10 in both groups. No significant changes were observed in lipid profiles for either group. The consumption of mango did not improve the plasma levels of adipokines. In conclusion, daily mango consumption lowers blood pressure in lean individuals, and benefits obese individuals by maintaining longterm glucose homeostasis. Galloylderivatives from mango may possess therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders, which remain to be confirmed in a largersize human clinical trial.Support or Funding InformationPartial funding for this research was provided by: National Mango Board
