Advanced agent identification with fluctuation-enhanced sensing
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Conventional agent sensing methods normally use the steady state sensor values for agent classification. Many sensing elements (Hines et al., 1999; Ryan et al., 2004; Young et al., 2003; Qian et al., 2004; Qiane et al., 2006; Carmel et al., 2003) are needed in order to correctly classify multiple agents in mixtures. Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) looks beyond the steady-state values and extracts agent information from spectra and bispectra. As a result, it is possible to use a single sensor to perform multiple agent classification. This paper summarizes the application of some advanced algorithms that can classify and estimate concentrations of different chemical agents. Our tool involves two steps. First, spectral and bispectral features will be extracted from the sensor signals. The features contain unique agent characteristics. Second, the features are fed into a hyperspectral signal processing algorithm for agent classification and concentration estimation. The basic idea here is to use the spectral/bispectral shape information to perform agent classification. Extensive simulations have been performed by using simulated nanosensor data, as well as actual experimental data using commercial sensor (Taguchi). It was observed that our algorithms are able to accurately classify different agents, and also can estimate the concentration of the agents. Bispectra contain more information than spectra at the expense of high-computational costs. Specific nanostructured sensor model data yielded excellent performance because the agent responses are additive with this type of sensor. Moreover, for measured conventional sensor outputs, our algorithms also showed reasonable performance in terms of agent classification. 2008 IEEE.
