In early 1996, a joint industry project was started which sought to deliver dual-gradient drilling technology for use in high-pressure, low-fracture-gradient, ultra-deepwater environments. The work continues today as a cooperative effort between four deepwater operators, four deepwater drilling contractors and Hydril, the Project Designer. This SubSea MudLift Drilling (SMD) JIP is scheduled to deliver the technology to the industry in 2002.