Assessment of the soil water content in the Pampas region using SWAT
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2015 Elsevier B.V. The Pampas region has recently experienced an expansion of agriculture towards more fragile environments, which has been associated with an increase in the frequency of droughts affecting the whole region. In the present study, we obtained a long-term record of soil water content (SWC) using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)model, for the first time in Argentina. The reliability of thismodelwas contrastedwith the temporal variation of the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterise episodes of drought. We also estimated the correlation between SWC anomaly (aSWC) and SPI, as well as the correlation between NDVI anomaly (aNDVI) and SPI. The model performance was reasonably satis-factory. The model calibration showed determination coef?cient (R2) and Nash?Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) values of 0.70 and 0.59, respectively, and the model validation showed R2 and NS values of 0.77 and 0.75, respectively. The aNDVI showed a relatively low correlation with aSWC (0.26 r 0.45). In contrast, the SPI presented significantly positive correlationswith aSWC (0.67 r 0.83). Thiswork showed that SWAT is a suitable tool tomea-sure SWC in poorly gauged geographical areas such as the Pampas region. Additionally, our approach could be applied to other systems resembling that studied here, without any significantly reduction in performance.