Smart Grid Dynamic Control and Management with Big Data Process Platform
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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) electricity markets have one of the fastest economic growth due to high population increase, economic growth, high level of income, manufacturing of goods, and low fixed electricity tariff [1]. The next ten years will require additional power generation capacity of 100 GW to meet the increase in energy demand [2]. For energy saving, environmental constraints, and energy security reasons those countries have put the mission of adopting various renewable energy sources (RES), particularly solar energy, and to transform their grids into Smart Grid (SG). Successful deployment and integration of such fluctuating renewable energy into the electricity grid and the transformation into SG will require the use of advanced technologies and management strategies [3]. Conventional power grids are facing many challenges to respond to the continues growing demand for energy and to deal with the increased penetration of intermittent renewable energies into the grid, as well as to provide a reliable, stable, and efficient electric grid. These diverse challenges are the forcing drivers to the transformation of current grid into SG [4]. Smart grid can be divided into two main parts, SG infrastructure and SG applications. SG infrastructure includes smart power system, information technology, and communication system, while SG applications are divided into fundamental applications and emerging applications. The fundamental applications refer to the energy management strategies, reliability models, security and privacy, in addition to promoting demand-side management while the emerging applications include the deployment of electric vehicles and mobile charging stations [5]. SGs are electrical power grids that use two-way flow of electricity and information. They are characterized with automated energy delivery, monitoring and consumption with players from utilities, market, and customers [6]. Microgrids play an important role in the effort to make the traditional electric grid smarter, more efficient, and resilient. The challenge is to manage the large system with high number of microgrids and distributed renewable energies and be able to maintain the supply-demand balance. The dynamic control and management in SG involves smart energy-efficient controllable equipment, smart distributed energy resources, advanced dynamic control architecture, distributed optimization architecture, and integrated communications architecture. SG is supported by large number of smart meters, sensors, detectors, measurement units, etc. Those elements provide a continuous stream of data to support SG performance. Huge amount of data in obtained from different SG sources satisfy all the Big Data characteristics [7]. The success of future SG depends mainly on the effective utilization of the huge amount of the big data flow..........
