Viral Interplay with the Host Sumoylation System
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Viruses have elaborate means to regulate cellular transcription in order to create a cellular environment that facilitates viral survival and reproduction. This includes enhancing viral macromolecular synthesis and preventing antiviral responses such as apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. There are numerous mechanisms by which viruses mediate their effects on the host cell, and this includes targeting various cellular post-translational modification systems, including sumoylation. The wide-ranging impact of sumoylation on cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control makes it an attractive target for viral dysregulation. To date, proteins from both RNA and DNA virus families have been shown to be modified by SUMO conjugation, and this modification appears critical for viral protein function. More interestingly, several members of the DNA virus families have been shown to modulate sumoylation, including papillomaviruses, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses. This chapter will focus on mechanisms by which these viruses disrupt sumoylation and the implications of this disruption for viral infection and disease. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
