Sensitivity and heat penalty in all-optical quantum thermometry with Germanium-vacancy color centers in diamond
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abstract
All-optical thermometry based on laser-driven photoluminescence (PL) of germaniumvacancy (GeV) centers in diamond is quantified in terms of a trade-off between temperature sensitivity and laser-induced heating. We show that the noise-floor sensitivity T of the temperature readout from the GeV PL return scales as (pt)1/2 with the laser power p and detection time t, allowing the temperature uncertainty to be reduced by increasing p and t. This noise-floor reduction is, however, never penalty-free. Specifically, higher laser powers translate into higher temperatures of the diamond crystal. We demonstrate that the noise-floor as low as T=37.5mK/Hz can be achieved with the laser power set at p=6.30mW. We also show that a further reduction of T is possible at higher p. The experimental setting implemented in this study helps keep the level of heat released in a diamond crystal well below the typical level of microwave-induced heating in nitrogen-vacancy center-based thermometry, thus offering an advantageous approach for diamond-based thermometry in biological systems.
