Zinc supplementation does not attenuate alcohol-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell loss during the brain growth spurt period.
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BACKGROUND: Alcohol-induced zinc deficiency is one of the mechanisms proposed as a cause of developmental brain damage associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. It is known that alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt period leads to cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Therefore, this study examined whether zinc supplementation was capable of preventing alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellar vermis in a neonatal rat model system. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat pups were given alcohol (EtOH; 4.5 g/kg/day), zinc (Zn; 0.54 mg/ml diet; [10 times the regular diet Zn concentration]), or both from postnatal days (PD) 4 through 9 using the artificial-rearing paradigm. A gastrostomy control (GC) and a suckle control group (SC) also were included. All pups were killed on PD 10. Following perfusion, the cerebellar vermis was dissected and processed for stereological cell counting. The total number of Purkinje cells and the volume of the cerebellar vermis were determined. RESULTS: Alcohol produced a significant loss of Purkinje cells compared with that in the GC group (no EtOH and no Zn supplement). The zinc supplementation had no effect in attenuating alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellar vermis. In fact, the serum zinc concentration data indicated higher zinc concentrations following either EtOH or Zn treatment. Interestingly, the GC group showed a significantly lower zinc concentration compared with the SC group, even though no significant difference in Purkinje cell numbers was observed between these two control groups. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that alcohol exposure during the third trimester equivalent did not result in zinc deficiency in this neonatal rat model system, nor did zinc supplementation rescue the alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellar vermis. These findings showed clearly that the serum zinc concentration was not correlated with Purkinje cell loss, suggesting that alcohol-induced loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells in this neonatal rat model system is independent of the availability of serum zinc.
