Effects of Moderate Exercise Regimen on Reproductive Development of Replacement Beef Heifers Reared in Drylots at a High Stocking Density
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AbstractThis experiment evaluated the physiological and reproductive responses of beef heifers reared at a high stocking density and provided with access to an exercise area. Ninety Angus Brahman heifers were ranked by age (257 2 days), body weight (BW; 216 2 kg), and temperament score on day 0 and assigned to a) 1 of 6 drylot pens (10x14 m pens; 10 heifers/pen) resulting in a stocking density of 14 m2/heifer (DENS), or b) 1 of 3 paddocks (2-ha paddocks; 10 heifers/paddock) resulting in a stocking density of 2,000 m2/heifer (CON). On day 15, 3 DENS pens were randomly selected and given access to an exercise area (DENS-EX) for 1 hour three times weekly. Negligible forage was available for CON heifers, whereas all heifers received the same limit fed diet which averaged 13 kg/heifer daily of a corn-based diet. Heifer shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on days -3 and 225 for average daily gain calculation. On day 0, heifers were fitted with a pedometer behind their shoulder and an ear tag (CowManager, Select Sires, Plain City, OH) to record behavioral responses. Each week, pedometer results were recorded, and blood samples were collected for puberty evaluation via plasma progesterone. Heifers from CON had more (P > 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS and DENS-EX, and DENS-EX heifers had more (P > 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS. Heifers from CON spent more (P > 0.05) time ruminating and eating compared with DENS and DENS-EX. No treatment effects (P 0.12) were detected for heifer BW gain or temperament variables. Heifers from DENS experienced delayed puberty attainment given a greater (P > 0.05) proportion of CON heifers were pubertal by day 98 compared with DENS and DENS-EX, whereas a greater (P > 0.05) proportion of DENS-EX heifers were pubertal by day 154 compared with DENS heifers (treatment day interaction, P > 0.01). Collectively, results from this experiment demonstrate that providing heifers reared at a high stocking density access to an exercise area does not result in similar reproductive responses as those reared on pasture at a low stocking density. This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (#2021-67015-34083).
