Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1-100M BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy. The integrity and morphology of cellular microtubules were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: A 24-h exposure to 1M solutions reduced A549 growth with 21.5% for BisBAL NP, 70.5% for CPC, and 92.4% for the combination (p<0.0001), while a 50M BisBAL NP/CPC mixture inhibited cell growth with 99% (p<0.0001). BisBAL NP-curcumin conjugates were internalized within 30min of exposure and could be traced within the nucleus of tumor cells within 2h. BisBAL NP, but not CPC, interfered with microtubule organization, thus interrupting cell replication, similar to the action mechanism of docetaxel. CONCLUSION: The growth inhibition of A549 human tumor cells by BisBAL NP and CPC was cumulative as of 1M. The BisBAL NP/CPC combination may constitute an innovative and cost-effective alternative for treating human lung cancer.
