Strategy in the entrepreneurial millenium: Countertrade as an emerging opportunity for entrepreneurial firms
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abstract
We maintain that countertrade presents an emerging opportunity for entrepreneurial firms. That is, the trend toward more and smaller countertrade exchanges opens the door to small firms, and the flexibility and creativity of entrepreneurial firms may indeed represent advantages for these smaller competitors. We unfold our theory via three important considerations. First, we explain the concept of countertrade and describe its sophisticated variations. Second, we discuss the factors that are driving the trend toward increasing countertrade, lending confidence to the prediction that the trend toward increasing countertrade will continue. Finally, from a resource-based perspective, we describe the fundamental characteristics of the entrepreneurial firm, thus explaining why these firms may be uniquely positioned to exploit disproportionately the potential of countertrade in the future. With this as background, we develop a model integrating described constructs in a way that demonstrates the usefulness of the practice of countertrade for entrepreneurial firms.