NIR Luminescent Oxygen-Sensing Nanoparticles for Continuous Glucose and Lactate Monitoring. Academic Article uri icon

abstract

  • A highly sensitive, biocompatible, and scalable phosphorescent oxygen sensor formulation is designed and evaluated for use in continuous metabolite sensors for biological systems. Ethyl cellulose (EC) and polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with Pluronic F68 (PF 68), Polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyethyleneglycol methyl ether (PDMS-PEG), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and cetyltimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were prepared and studied. The resulting NPs with eight different surfactantpolymer matrix combinations were evaluated for physical properties, oxygen sensitivity, effect of changes in dispersion matrix, and cytotoxicity. The EC NPs exhibited a narrower size distribution and 40% higher sensitivity than PS, with SternVolmer constants (Ksv) 0.0410.052 M1 for EC, compared to 0.0290.034 M1 for PS. Notably, ethyl cellulose NPs protected with PF68 were selected as the preferred formulation, as they were not cytotoxic towards 3T3 fibroblasts and exhibited a wide phosphorescence lifetime response of >211.1 s over 2580 M and ~100 s over 2.580 M oxygen, with a limit of detection (LoD) of oxygen in aqueous phase of 0.0016 M. The EC-PF68 NPs were then efficiently encapsulated in alginate microparticles along with glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) to form phosphorescent nanoparticles-in-microparticle (NIMs) glucose sensing microdomains. The fabricated glucose sensors showed a sensitivity of 0.40 s dL mg1 with a dynamic phosphorescence lifetime range of 46.6197.1 s over 0150 mg dL1 glucose, with a glucose LoD of 18.3 mg dL1 and maximum distinguishable concentration of 111.1 mg dL1. Similarly, lactate sensors were prepared with NIMs microdomains containing lactate oxidase (LOx) and found to have a detection range of 014 mg dL1 with LoD of 1.8 mg dL1 and maximum concentration of 13.7 mg dL1 with lactate sensitivity of 10.7 s dL mg1. Owing to its versatility, the proposed NIMs-based design can be extended to a wide range of metabolites and different oxygen-sensing dyes with different excitation wavelengths based on specific application.

published proceedings

  • Biosensors (Basel)

altmetric score

  • 0.25

author list (cited authors)

  • Soundaram Jeevarathinam, A., Saleem, W., Martin, N., Hu, C., & McShane, M. J.

citation count

  • 1

complete list of authors

  • Soundaram Jeevarathinam, Ananthakrishnan||Saleem, Waqas||Martin, Nya||Hu, Connie||McShane, Michael J

publication date

  • January 2023

publisher