Thermal instability in spherical liquid shells induced by surface tension
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Fluid motion may be induced by the surface tension variations which are caused by temperature gradients. Such phenomena are called the Marangoni effect. A linear perturbation method is employed to determine the condition for neutral stability in spherical liquid shells induced by surface tension mechanism. Three possible boundary conditions are considered: at least one boundary free or both. The critical Marangoni numbers for the onset of cellular convections are found for two types of steady radial temperature distributions in the spherical shells.