AbstractRecent research has examined the utility of exercise in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. This entry provides an overview of this research, starting with the epidemiological associations of physical activity with reduced prevalence of depression and anxiety and through more recent randomized controlled trials. These trials provide strong evidence for aerobic exercise and resistance training as both a standalone and augmentation treatment. Despite this evidence, further research is required to optimally use exercise in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. This work utilizes rigorous scientific methodologies to examine areas such as the neurobiological mechanisms associated with exercise and the optimal exercise modality and dose necessary to achieve antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
