Trends in Overall and Micronutrient-Containing Dietary Supplement Use in US Adults and Children, NHANES 2007-2018.
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BACKGROUND: Dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread in the United States and contributes large amounts of micronutrients to users. Most studies have relied on data from 1 assessment method to characterize the prevalence of DS use. Combining multiple methods enhances the ability to capture nutrient exposures from DSs and examine trends over time. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to characterize DS use and examine trends in any DS as well as micronutrient-containing (MN) DS use in a nationally representative sample of the US population (1 y) from the 2007-2018 NHANES using a combined approach. METHODS: NHANES obtains an in-home inventory with a frequency-based dietary supplement and prescription medicine questionnaire (DSMQ), and two 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs). Trends in the prevalence of use and selected types of products used were estimated for the population and by sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, family income [poverty-to-income ratio (PIR)], and household food security (food-secure vs. food-insecure) using the DSMQ or 1 24HR. Linear trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials (significance set at P<0.05). RESULTS: DS use increased from 50% in 2007 to 56% in 2018 (P=0.001); use of MN products increased from 46% to 49% (P=0.03), and single-nutrient DS (e.g., magnesium, vitamins B-12 and D) use also increased (all P<0.001). In contrast, multivitamin-mineral use decreased (70% to 56%; P<0.001). In adults (19 y), any (54% to 61%) and MN (49% to 54%) DS use increased, especially in men, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, and low-income adults (PIR130%). In children (1-18 y), any DS use remained stable (38%), as did MN use, except for food-insecure children, whose use increased from 24% to 31% over the decade (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of any and MN DS use increased over time in the United States. This may be partially attributed to increased use of single-nutrient products. Population subgroups differed in their DS use.
Cowan, A. E., Tooze, J. A., Gahche, J. J., Eicher-Miller, H. A., Guenther, P. M., Dwyer, J. T., ... Bailey, R. L.
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Cowan, Alexandra E||Tooze, Janet A||Gahche, Jaime J||Eicher-Miller, Heather A||Guenther, Patricia M||Dwyer, Johanna T||Potischman, Nancy||Bhadra, Anindya||Carroll, Raymond J||Bailey, Regan L
