High-Throughput Estimation of Soil Nutrient and Residue Cover: A Step Towards Precision Agriculture
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Soil nutrient measurement is an integral part of farming. Several protocols exist for soil sampling and measurement of soil nutrients such as N, P, K, organic matter, soil moisture, and residue cover. However, the measurement methods are labor intensive and have lower spatial and temporal frequency. Several proximal sensing methods have been developed for faster measurement, but they are slow due to redundancy. Therefore, newer methods are being developed which exploit the optical properties of soil. Optical properties of soil affect the reflectance of radiations from the electromagnetic spectrum. This spectral reflectance can be quantified and the variation among them can be used to distinguish between soil constituents. Technics to detect and quantify the soil spectral reflectance is known as remote sensing. In this chapter we would discuss the technological advancements related to remote sensing such as aerial sensors, faster data collection, automated analysis using statistical and machine learning tools, and to use the data to train models for nutrient and residue cover estimation. This data can be used to develop soil nutrient deficiency map for variable rate management of resources. Therefore, a systematic appraisal and critical investigation of various remote sensing tools to estimate soil nutrient content and residue cover will improve our understanding of the subject and pave the way for further research in this direction.
