Fumigation Toxicity of Essential Oil Monoterpenes to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
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abstract
The fumigant toxicity of eight essential oil components, 1-8-cineole, carvacrol, eugenol, ()-menthone, ()-linalool, S-()-limonene, ()--pinene, and (+)--pinene, was tested against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), at 0.2560L/L air doses. 1-8-Cineole, carvacrol, and eugenol caused complete adult mortality at 10L/L air 24h after treatment. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol were the most toxic with LD50 values of 0.24 and 0.6L/L air at 24h, respectively. ()--Pinene and (+)--pinene were the least toxic with LD50 values of 31 and 31.4L/L air at 24h, respectively. Toxicity was negatively correlated with vapor pressure. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol caused 100% oviposition deterrence at all doses tested. Eugenol and ()-menthone completely inhibited adult emergence. S-()-Limonene, ()--pinene, and (+)--pinene were not effective at preventing oviposition or adult emergence, suggesting that a lethal dose of the three oil components would be necessary to control C. maculatus infestations.
