Butadiene cancer exposure-response modeling: based on workers in the styrene-butadiene-rubber industry: total leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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abstract
Cox regression is used to estimate exposure-response models (with cumulative 1,3-butadiene (BD) ppm-years as the exposure metric) based on the most recent data and validated exposure estimates from UAB's study of North American workers in the styrene-butadiene-rubber industry. These data are substantially updated from those in USEPA's 2002 risk assessment. The slope for cumulative BD ppm-years is not statistically significantly different than zero for CML, AML, or, when any one of eight exposure covariates is added to the model, for all leukemias combined (total leukemia). For total leukemia, the EC(1/100,000) is approximately 0.15 BD environmental ppm and the corresponding unit risk factor is approximately 0.00007 per BD environmental ppm. The excess risk for CML is approximately 15-fold less than for total leukemia. The maximum likelihood estimates suggest that there is no excess risk for AML from cumulative BD ppm-years. For CLL, the slope is statistically significantly different than zero. The excess risk for CLL is approximately 2.5-fold less than for total leukemia. For both total leukemia and CLL, the slope is not statistically significantly different than zero when the exposure-response modeling is based on the person-years with cumulative BD ppm-years less than or equal to 300 ppm-years.
