Heat transfer systems in nuclear reactors are essential to producing energy in a useful form from the nuclear fission reaction and to maintaining reactor systems, structures and components in a safe state. This article describes the physics of heat transfer systems in reactors and how they work in a general manner so that the reader has some background to delve into more depth in reactor design-specific heat transfer systems. Light Water Reactor systems were given primary focus, with considerations for reactors using other coolants also presented.