Modifying the Recess Before Lunch Program
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Moving recess before lunch (RBL), though a simple schedule change, may provide many benefits for both students and elementary schools. Having recess before lunch has been shown to decrease plate waste (Bergman, et al., 2003; Gettlinger, 1996; Montana OPI, 2003; Ruppenthal & Hogue, 1977), and may improve discipline problems. The RBL schedule change has not previously been implemented in Hawaii schools. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a modified version of RBL into elementary schools in Hawaii . The modified version of RBL allows for implementation into a three-bell lunch system, a system used by many elementary schools in Hawaii. A one-grade-per-lunch period RBL switch was assessed among 6th grade students for 1) shorter lunch line wait, 2) increased access to recess equipment 3) decrease in conduct-related referrals, and 4) moderate decrease in food and milk waste for the affected grade(s). Results indicate a significant decrease in lunch line wait, a decrease in discipline referrals, and a slight non-significant decrease in lunch waste. Additional comments from administrators and teaching staff indicate positive changes in student behavior on the playground, in the cafeteria, and in the classroom. One major finding was the reduction in discipline problems after the implementation of RBL, as seen in both the quantitative referral counts and qualitative teacher and administrator questionnaires. The positive results of this study support further implementation of RBL into schools in Hawaii. Kaneohe Elementary School has continued to apply recess before lunch to the sixth grade lunch periods and is considering further implementation into other grades. The Hawaii Action for Healthy Kids team plans to approach more schools in Hawaii about using the modified recess before lunch program.
