Effect of an Oral Joint Supplement on Gait Kinematics and Biomarkers of Cartilage Metabolism and Inflammation in Mature Riding Horses
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AbstractTwenty stock-type horses (589 126 kg BW; 13 8 yr) were utilized in a completely randomized design for a 28-d trial to evaluate a joint supplement on gait kinematics, inflammation and cartilage metabolism. Horses were stratified by age, sex, body weight (BW), and initial lameness score and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments consisting of either a 100 g placebo top-dressed daily to 0.6% BW (as-fed) commercial concentrate (CON; n = 10), or an oral joint supplement (SmartPak Equine LLC) containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, methylsulfonylmethane, turmeric, resveratrol, collagen, silica, and boron (TRT; n = 10). Horses had ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) and exercised progressively 4 d/wk, for 45 min/d. On d 13 and 27, blood was harvested following a 19.3 km exercise stressor. Every 14 d, blood was collected for plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and serum collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), carboxypropeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846). Gait kinematics were analyzed every 14 d (Kinovea v.0.8.15) to determine stride length (SL) and range of motion (ROM) of the knee and hock at the walk and trot. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Hock ROM increased in TRT (P 0.02) at the walk and tended to increase at the trot (P = 0.09). At the walk, SL and knee ROM increased (P 0.01) in all horses. C2C and CPII increased over time (P 0.05) and no effect was observed for CS846 or PGE2 (P < 0.12). In response to the exercise stressor, CPII and PGE2 decreased (P 0.05) from d 13 to 14, and CS846 and PGE2 tended to decrease (P 0.10) from d 27 to 28, independent of diet. In conclusion, hock ROM at the walk and trot was the most sensitive to TRT, but biomarker concentration of collagen metabolites and systemic inflammation was not altered in 28 d.
