In this chapter, we provide a brief history of clinical psychology in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) settings, and we describe influential events, individuals, and developments that shaped the role of clinical psychology in physical rehabilitation facilities. We summarize the unique contributions and activities of psychologists in these settings and the competencies that constitute best practice. We conclude with an overview of the present status and future directions of psychologists in rehabilitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)