Immunological, physiological, and behavioral responses to an experimentally-induced respiratory disease challenge in growing steers
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AbstractImmunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory challenge were explored in beef steers (initial BW 293 kg). Steers (n = 24) were inoculated intranasally with bovine herpes virus-1 (2108 PFU) and intratracheally with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH, 2.151010 CFU) on days -3 and 0, respectively, (n = 16; VB), or similarly inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (n = 8; PBS). Venous and arterial blood were collected on -3, -1, 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 relative to MH challenge for CBC, haptoglobin, and arterial blood oxygen saturation analysis. Continuously recorded variables included rumen temperature, activity, rumination, DMI, and feeding behavior. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures mixed model (SAS 9.4) with fixed effects of day, inoculation, and the interaction. Bunk visit frequency and DMI were reduced (P > 0.01) in VB steers throughout the 14 d post-MH period compared to PBS steers. Rumination (days 1, 7) and activity (days 1, 2, 48, and 1113) were reduced (P > 0.03) in VB steers vs PBS steers. Rumen temperature was elevated (P > 0.04) in VB steers until day 6 post MH inoculation. Neutrophil concentrations (days 2 and 3), platelets (days 714), fibrinogen (days 210), and haptoglobin (days 27) were elevated (P > 0.05) in VB vs PBS steers. Hematocrit was depressed (P > 0.05) in VB steers on days 310. The VB steers had decreased (P > 0.05) arterial SO2% and pO2 than PBS steers; however, the inoculation day interaction was not significant. Results indicate that the experimental VB challenge substantially altered rumen temperature, DMI, feeding behavior, rumination and immunological response as expected. Arterial sO2% and pO2 concentrations were reduced minimally by VB challenge, indicating challenges in using blood gas to detect BRD in beef cattle.
