Effect of chromosome substitutions fromGossypium barbadenseL.,G. tomentosumNutt. Ex Seem andG. mustelinumWatt intoG. hirsutumL. on cottonseed protein and oil content
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Cottonseed is the second-most common plant protein source after soybean, and the fifth-most common oil source after soybean, palm tree, colza and sunflower. There has been little economic incentive until recently to breed for cottonseed nutritional components. In our previous studies we used chromosome substitution (CS) lines to associate novel traits of importance with specific substituted chromosome. The objective of this research was to study the effect of chromosome or chromosome segment substitutions from Gossypium barbadense, G. tomentosum and G. mustelinum on cottonseed protein and oil content in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum). Nine euploid CS lines, TM-1, the recurrent parent line, and UA48, were experimentally compared using a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location in Florence, SC and Mississippi State, MS. Acid delinted cottonseeds were analyzed for protein and oil using near-infrared reflectance. Our overall results showed that an increase in protein percentage is normally associated with decrease in oil percentage or opposite effect in most of the CS lines. We discovered that specific chromosome or chromosome segment substitutions from the wild species of G. tomentosum and G. mustelinum were associated with altered protein and oil percentages, possibly indicating chromosomal associations with protein and oil percentage gene(s). Results revealed that CS-M08sh line had increased protein and oil percentages at MS, whereas changes in protein and oil percentages are normally in opposite directions. However, CS-M08sh line had highest oil percentage among all lines but with moderate protein percentage at SC. Novel germplasm with the gene(s) for improved protein and oil percentage was developed from wild species of Upland cottons primary gene pool.
