AbstractLint obtained from cotton plant represents the most important natural fiber that has been used for over seven millennia to meet the clothing requirement of mankind. In addition to the fiber, the plant also provides seed, linters, and hull that are used for food, feed, and several other diverse applications. The cotton plant is susceptible to a large number of pests and pathogens. Traditionally, its cultivation has relied more heavily on the use of toxic pesticides compared to many other crops. Due to the challenges posed by biotic and abiotic stresses during its cultivation and because of the large number of useful products derived from this plant, cotton offers numerous targets that can be modified through the use of modern biotechnological tools. The first generation of genetically engineered cotton plants, offering insect and herbicideresistance traits, have gained rapid and wide acceptance in many cottongrowing countries around the globe. The chapter provides a comprehensive account of transgenic cotton production, including transformation methods, traits introduced, intellectual property rights, and the regulatory issues involved. A brief overview of history, origin, distribution, taxonomy, economic importance, breeding strategies, and achievements is also presented for this crop.
