Smoothing noisy data for irregular regions using penalized bivariate splines on triangulations
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abstract
The penalized spline method has been widely used for estimating univariate smooth functions based on noisy data. This paper studies its extension to the two-dimensional case. To accommodate the need of handling data distributed on irregular regions, we consider bivariate splines defined on triangulations. Penalty functions based on the second-order derivatives are employed to regularize the spline fit and generalized cross-validation is used to select the penalty parameters. A simulation study shows that the penalized bivariate spline method is competitive to some well-established two-dimensional smoothers. The method is also illustrated using a real dataset on Texas temperature. 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.