Frobenius difference equations and algebraic independence of zeta values in positive equal characteristic
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abstract
By analogy with the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, for each finite field F pr with fixed characteristic p, we consider Carlitz zeta values r (n)at positive integers n. Our theorem asserts that among the zeta values in the set U r=1 { r (1), r (2), r (3),...}, all the algebraic relations are those relations within each individual family { r (1), r (2), r (3),...}. These are the algebraic relations coming from the Euler-Carlitz and Frobenius relations. To prove this, a motivic method for extracting algebraic independence results from systems of Frobenius difference equations is developed.