Spatial heterogeneity in CO2, CH4, and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic region Academic Article uri icon

abstract

  • Abstract The exchange of carbon between the Earths atmosphere and biosphere influences the atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Airborne eddy covariance (EC) can quantify surface-atmosphere exchange from landscape-to-regional scales, offering a unique perspective on carbon cycle dynamics. We use extensive airborne measurements to quantify fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2, and CH4 across multiple ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region during September 2016 and May 2017. In conjunction with footprint analysis and land cover information, we use the airborne dataset to explore the effects of landscape heterogeneity on measured fluxes. Our results demonstrate large variability in CO2 uptake over mixed agricultural and forested sites, with fluxes ranging from 3.40.7 to 11.51.6 mol m2 s1 for croplands and 9.11.5 to 22.73.2 mol m2 s1 for forests. We also report substantial CH4 emissions of 32.317.0 to 76.129.4 nmol m2 s1 from a brackish herbaceous wetland and 58.412.0 to 181.236.8 nmol m2 s1 from a freshwater forested wetland. Comparison of ecosystem-specific aircraft observations with measurements from EC flux towers along the flight path demonstrate that towers capture 30%75% of the regional variability in ecosystem fluxes. Diel patterns measured at the tower sites suggest that peak, midday flux measurements from aircraft accurately predict net daily CO2 exchange. We discuss next steps in applying airborne observations to evaluate bottom-up flux models and improve understanding of the biophysical processes that drive carbon exchange from landscape-to-regional scales.

published proceedings

  • ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS

altmetric score

  • 3.1

author list (cited authors)

  • Hannun, R. A., Wolfe, G. M., Kawa, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Newman, P. A., Alfieri, J. G., ... Vargas, R.

citation count

  • 11

complete list of authors

  • Hannun, Reem A||Wolfe, Glenn M||Kawa, S Randy||Hanisco, Thomas F||Newman, Paul A||Alfieri, Joseph G||Barrick, John||Clark, Kenneth L||DiGangi, Joshua P||Diskin, Glenn S||King, John||Kustas, William P||Mitra, Bhaskar||Noormets, Asko||Nowak, John B||Thornhill, K Lee||Vargas, Rodrigo

publication date

  • March 2020