Modifications of fault components of currents and voltages
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2015, Allerton Press, Inc. The development is given of ideas regarding the fault components of electrical quantities and about the corresponding pure fault process. The specificity is shown of fault components of currents and voltages monitored in different places of the controlled object. Each fault component can be separated into two parts. There are several variants of separation, because the first components are created by half of the observed values: from every point of observation of current and voltage, one is selected. In accordance with the principle of compensation, selected values are introduced as known sources of voltage or current to the model of the passive undamaged object. The first components are determined as the reaction to the action of these sources. The second components are created by unknown sources of a pure fault process occurring operates in the location of a fault of an unknown object. The corresponding active model of a damaged object is open or closed in the places of observation. It is short circuited where a voltage source has previously acted and open wired where a current source was. The theory of fault components is applied to solution of the problem of locating a feeder fault on both observed sides. The objective function is the standard deviation of the second component of fault components of the two voltages, which are determined in an arbitrary position of the feeder as a result of its observations on different sides. Feeder sections that are to the left and right of the determined fault location are described by long line difference equations. Samples of the second component of each of the two voltages in the determined fault point are calculated from lagging and leading samples of the second component of the current in the corresponding place of observation. Different line equations consider losses as lumped resistances. In the considered example, the required accuracy is provided by two resistances at the ends of each feeder section.
