Azimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top Energies.
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The first (v_{1}^{fluc}), second (v_{2}), and third (v_{3}) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and mean charged particle multiplicity density N_{ch} in U+U (sqrt[s_{NN}]=193GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200GeV with the STAR detector. For the same N_{ch}, the v_{1}^{fluc} and v_{3} coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v_{2} exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (_{2}). The data also show that ln(v_{2}/_{2}) scales linearly with N_{ch}^{-1/3}. These measurements provide insight into initial-geometry fluctuations and the role of viscous hydrodynamic attenuation on v_{n} from small to large collision systems.
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Adam, J., Adamczyk, L., Adams, J. R., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., ... STAR Collaboration.
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Adam, J||Adamczyk, L||Adams, JR||Adkins, JK||Agakishiev, G||Aggarwal, MM||Ahammed, Z||Alekseev, I||Anderson, DM||Aoyama, R||Aparin, A||Arkhipkin, D||Aschenauer, EC||Ashraf, MU||Atetalla, F||Attri, A||Averichev, GS||Bai, X||Bairathi, V||Barish, K||Bassill, AJ||Behera, A||Bellwied, R||Bhasin, A||Bhati, AK||Bielcik, J||Bielcikova, J||Bland, LC||Bordyuzhin, IG||Brandenburg, JD||Brandin, AV||Brown, D||Bryslawskyj, J||Bunzarov, I||Butterworth, J||Caines, H||Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M||Cebra, D||Chakaberia, I||Chaloupka, P||Chan, BK||Chang, F-H||Chang, Z||Chankova-Bunzarova, N||Chatterjee, A||Chattopadhyay, S||Chen, JH||Chen, X||Chen, X||Cheng, J||Cherney, M||Christie, W||Contin, G||Crawford, HJ||Csanad, M||Das, S||Dedovich, TG||Deppner, IM||Derevschikov, AA||Didenko, L||Dilks, C||Dong, X||Drachenberg, JL||Dunlop, JC||Efimov, LG||Elsey, N||Engelage, J||Eppley, G||Esha, R||Esumi, S||Evdokimov, O||Ewigleben, J||Eyser, O||Fatemi, R||Fazio, S||Federic, P||Federicova, P||Fedorisin, J||Filip, P||Finch, E||Fisyak, Y||Flores, CE||Fulek, L||Gagliardi, CA||Galatyuk, T||Geurts, F||Gibson, A||Grosnick, D||Gunarathne, DS||Guo, Y||Gupta, A||Guryn, W||Hamad, AI||Hamed, A||Harlenderova, A||Harris, JW||He, L||Heppelmann, S||Heppelmann, S||Herrmann, N||Hirsch, A||Holub, L||Hong, Y||Horvat, S||Huang, B||Huang, HZ||Huang, SL||Huang, T||Huang, X||Humanic, TJ||Huo, P||Igo, G||Jacobs, WW||Jentsch, A||Jia, J||Jiang, K||Jowzaee, S||Ju, X||Judd, EG||Kabana, S||Kagamaster, S||Kalinkin, D||Kang, K||Kapukchyan, D||Kauder, K||Ke, HW||Keane, D||Kechechyan, A||Kikoła, DP||Kim, C||Kinghorn, TA||Kisel, I||Kisiel, A||Kochenda, L||Kosarzewski, LK||Kraishan, AF||Kramarik, L||Krauth, L||Kravtsov, P||Krueger, K||Kulathunga, N||Kumar, L||Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R||Kvapil, J||Kwasizur, JH||Lacey, R||Landgraf, JM||Lauret, J||Lebedev, A||Lednicky, R||Lee, JH||Li, C||Li, W||Li, X||Li, Y||Liang, Y||Lidrych, J||Lin, T||Lipiec, A||Lisa, MA||Liu, F||Liu, H||Liu, P||Liu, P||Liu, Y||Liu, Z||Ljubicic, T||Llope, WJ||Lomnitz, M||Longacre, RS||Luo, S||Luo, X||Ma, GL||Ma, L||Ma, R||Ma, YG||Magdy, N||Majka, R||Mallick, D||Margetis, S||Markert, C||Matis, HS||Matonoha, O||Mazer, JA||Meehan, K||Mei, JC||Minaev, NG||Mioduszewski, S||Mishra, D||Mohanty, B||Mondal, MM||Mooney, I||Morozov, DA||Nasim, Md||Negrete, JD||Nelson, JM||Nemes, DB||Nie, M||Nigmatkulov, G||Niida, T||Nogach, LV||Nonaka, T||Odyniec, G||Ogawa, A||Oh, K||Oh, S||Okorokov, VA||Olvitt, D||Page, BS||Pak, R||Panebratsev, Y||Pawlik, B||Pei, H||Perkins, C||Pinter, RL||Pluta, J||Porter, J||Posik, M||Pruthi, NK||Przybycien, M||Putschke, J||Quintero, A||Radhakrishnan, SK||Ramachandran, S||Ray, RL||Reed, R||Ritter, HG||Roberts, JB||Rogachevskiy, OV||Romero, JL||Ruan, L||Rusnak, J||Rusnakova, O||Sahoo, NR||Sahu, PK||Salur, S||Sandweiss, J||Schambach, J||Schmah, AM||Schmidke, WB||Schmitz, N||Schweid, BR||Seck, F||Seger, J||Sergeeva, M||Seto, R||Seyboth, P||Shah, N||Shahaliev, E||Shanmuganathan, PV||Shao, M||Shen, F||Shen, WQ||Shi, SS||Shou, QY||Sichtermann, EP||Siejka, S||Sikora, R||Simko, M||Singh, J||Singha, S||Smirnov, D||Smirnov, N||Solyst, W||Sorensen, P||Spinka, HM||Srivastava, B||Stanislaus, TDS||Stewart, DJ||Strikhanov, M||Stringfellow, B||Suaide, AAP||Sugiura, T||Sumbera, M||Summa, B||Sun, XM||Sun, X||Sun, Y||Surrow, B||Svirida, DN||Szymanski, P||Tang, AH||Tang, Z||Taranenko, A||Tarnowsky, T||Thomas, JH||Timmins, AR||Tlusty, D||Todoroki, T||Tokarev, M||Tomkiel, CA||Trentalange, S||Tribble, RE||Tribedy, P||Tripathy, SK||Tsai, OD||Tu, B||Ullrich, T||Underwood, DG||Upsal, I||Van Buren, G||Vanek, J||Vasiliev, AN||Vassiliev, I||Videbæk, F||Vokal, S||Voloshin, SA||Vossen, A||Wang, F||Wang, G||Wang, P||Wang, Y||Wang, Y||Webb, JC||Wen, L||Westfall, GD||Wieman, H||Wissink, SW||Witt, R||Wu, Y||Xiao, ZG||Xie, G||Xie, W||Xu, J||Xu, N||Xu, QH||Xu, YF||Xu, Z||Yang, C||Yang, Q||Yang, S||Yang, Y||Ye, Z||Ye, Z||Yi, L||Yip, K||Yoo, I-K||Yu, N||Zbroszczyk, H||Zha, W||Zhang, J||Zhang, J||Zhang, L||Zhang, S||Zhang, S||Zhang, XP||Zhang, Y||Zhang, Z||Zhao, J||Zhong, C||Zhou, C||Zhu, X||Zhu, Z||Zyzak, M
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.172301