Multifunctional analytical platform on a paper strip: separation, preconcentration, and subattomolar detection.
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abstract
We report a plasmonic paper-based analytical platform with functional versatility and subattomolar (<10(-18) M) detection limit using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a transduction method. The microfluidic paper-based analytical device (PAD) is made with a lithography-free process by a simple cut and drop method. Complex samples are separated by a surface chemical gradient created by differential polyelectrolyte coating of the paper. The PAD with a starlike shape is designed to enable liquid handling by lateral flow without microchannel patterning. This design generates a rapid capillary-driven flow capable of dragging liquid samples as well as gold nanorods into a single cellulose microfiber, thereby providing an extremely preconcentrated and optically active detection spot.