Effects of Adherence to a Higher Protein Diet on Weight Loss, Markers of Health, and Functional Capacity in Older Women Participating in a Resistance-Based Exercise Program.
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Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and/or functional capacity in older females in comparison to following a traditional higher carbohydrate diet or exercise training alone with no diet intervention. In total, 54 overweight and obese females (65.9 4.7 years; 78.7 11 kg, 30.5 4.1 kg/m, 43.5 3.6% fat) were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (E), an exercise plus hypo-energetic higher carbohydrate (HC) diet, or a higher protein diet (HP) diet. Participants followed their respective diet plans and performed a supervised 30-min circuit-style resistance exercise program 3 d/wk. Participants were tested at 0, 10, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of changes from baseline with [95% confidence intervals]. Results revealed that after 14 weeks, participants in the HP group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (E -1.3 2.3, [-2.4, -0.2]; HC -3.0 3.1 [-4.5, -1.5]; HP -4.8 3.2, [-6.4, -3.1]%, p = 0.003), fat mass (E -2.7 3.8, [-4.6, -0.9]; HC -5.9 4.2 [-8.0, -3.9]; HP -10.2 5.8 [-13.2, 7.2%], p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (E -2.0 3.5 [-3.7, -0.3]; HC -4.3 3.2 [-5.9, -2.8]; HP -6.3 3.5 [-8.1, -4.5] %, p = 0.002) with no significant reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure over time or among groups. Significant differences were observed in leptin (E -1.8 34 [-18, 14]; HC 43.8 55 [CI 16, 71]; HP -26.5 70 [-63, -9.6] ng/mL, p = 0.001) and adiponectin (E 43.1 76.2 [6.3, 79.8]; HC -27.9 33.4 [-44.5, -11.3]; HP 52.3 79 [11.9, 92.8] g/mL, p = 0.001). All groups experienced significant improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, markers of balance and functional capacity, and several markers of health. These findings indicate that a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition compared to a higher carbohydrate diet in older females.
Galbreath, M., Campbell, B., LaBounty, P., Bunn, J., Dove, J., Harvey, T., ... Kreider, R. B.
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Galbreath, Melyn||Campbell, Bill||LaBounty, Paul||Bunn, Jennifer||Dove, Jacqueline||Harvey, Travis||Hudson, Geoffrey||Gutierrez, Jean L||Levers, Kyle||Galvan, Elfego||Jagim, Andrew||Greenwood, Lori||Cooke, Matthew B||Greenwood, Mike||Rasmussen, Chris||Kreider, Richard B
