Awareness of, and consequent identification of, aberrant hepatic bile ducts is essential in performing appropriate biliary surgery. Cholangiography is mandatory whenever there is any doubt about the anatomy of the biliary tree in order to avoid the attendant increased morbidity and mortality of reoperation on the biliary tree. Seven case studies are presented together with a review of aberrant and accessory bile ducts and cholecystohepatic connections. Copyright 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved