Incorporating manufacturing defects in damage and failure analysis
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2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Traditional damage and failure analysis of composite materials has been on homogenized solids without defects. In recent years, it has been possible to observe and characterize defects induced by manufacturing. This fact, and the need to understand the effects of defects for possible cost reduction, has given impetus to studies of damage and failure with account of defects. This chapter will review some of these studies, giving illustrative results. A comprehensive multiscale failure analysis scheme incorporating manufacturing defects will then be described.