2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany. All rights reserved. Boiling is a process commonly utilized in many industrial applications such as power generation, water desalination, building environment control, and thermal management of electronic devices. Heat transfer performance of the boiling process significantly affects the efficiency of these applications. Recent advancements in surface engineering have offered new opportunities to enhance boiling heat transfer by tailoring the surface properties on the micro- and nanoscale. Examples from nature have extensively inspired the design of such surfaces. Specifically, surfaces with various micro- and nanostructures have promoted bubble nucleation and enhanced the critical heat flux. In this chapter, several examples of bioinspired surfaces for improved pool boiling heat transfer are provided and the mechanisms for enhancement including promoting nucleation and capillary wicking are discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities to advance these surfaces for flow boiling in microchannel heat sinks for thermal management applications are identified.