Genetics and Breeding of Flooding Tolerance in Rice
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Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. Flooding is a frequent natural calamity, affecting global food supply and financial security. The intensity of rainfall events is expected to increase under future climate change scenarios, which will greatly impact rice production. Different flooding patterns can cause damage or complete yield loss in rice plants at different stages of growth. This includes (a) complete submergence due to flash flood at vegetative or pre-flowering stages, (b) stagnant flooding of medium-deep water and deepwater or floating rice, and (c) submergence at germination or anaerobic germination. Different molecular and physiological mechanisms underly tolerance to each type of flooding. Several major QTLs have been mapped and several key genes underlying the QTLs have been cloned. Remarkable progress has been achieved through conventional and molecular breeding strategies in developing tolerant varieties to mitigate the impact of different flood events. This effort will be continued in the future by incorporating new QTLs/genes and tolerance to other abiotic and biotic stresses according to the needs of the target regions. Genetics, genomics, and other modern technologies will also be continuously explored to further our understanding of how rice plants cope with different types of flooding stress.
