Going political: A framework for environmental interest group evolution
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Researchers continue to refine estimates of the number and size of special interest groups, including those dealing with marine and coastal issues. Few studies have examined their evolution into politically active organizations. This article posits and tests a life cycle theory for interest groups through a comparative analysis of the Sport Fishing Institute and the Coastal Conservation Association. Interest groups evolve through distinctive developmental stages (formative, developing, and mature), as measured by four organizational (group goals, structure, finance, and member incentives) and three political (staff specialization, headquarters location, and political self-perception) variables. Applying these criteria indicates that the Sport Fishing Institute has evolved into a mature special interest organization, while the Coastal Conservation Association is in the developing phase of its life cycle. Identification of these developmental stages can provide strong indicators about the style and intensity with which an organization will engage the political process. 1996 Taylor & Francis.