Role of the Plant Factory With Artificial Lighting (PFAL) in Urban Areas
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2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The increasing importance of fresh food production in urban areas is discussed and the methods for achieving efficient production are described. Firstly, resource inflow and waste outflow in urban areas are described. Then, the possibility of significantly reducing the outflow waste by using a large portion of it as an essential resource for growing plants in urban ecosystems is discussed. Secondly, the role of the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) is discussed, and the plants that are suited and unsuited to PFALs are described. Finally, criticisms of PFALs are analyzed, and the methodology toward a sustainable PFAL is discussed.