2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This chapter briefly states the background information on why a new form of plant production system "Indoor Vertical Farming System -Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL)" is needed for efficient production of food crops to solve global issues. The definition, characteristics, basic units, and types of PFAL are introduced. It is emphasized that PFALs are not a replacement for conventional greenhouses or open-field production but rather the creation of new markets and business opportunities. While stating the limitations of conventional agricultural systems, potential advantages, disadvantages and a number of challenges of PFALs are addressed as well. An organizational chart of the book is provided.
