IPM Evolution and Integrated Cropping System Management
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abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) can trace its origin to the early 1950s, a period when pesticide resistance increasingly challenged the stability of pest management programs. IPM represents a system approach to agricultural management, with a foundation based on ecological and economic sustainability. IPM evolved from narrowly focusing on the use of multiple tactics to manage insect pests to more broadly focusing on multiple aspects of crop production and management. In many cases it is now more appropriate to refer to such programs as having an integrated cropping system management (ICSM) focus. An increasing challenge to developing future ICSM programs lies in the shift of universities away from a broad-based integrating approach to agricultural science.
