Isoscalar giant monopole resonance and its overtone in microscopic and macroscopic models
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We calculate the transition density for the overtone of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) from the response to an appropriate external field [Formula Presented] obtained using the semiclassical fluid dynamic approximation and the Hartree-Fock (HF) based random phase approximation (RPA). We determine the mixing parameter [Formula Presented] by maximizing the ratio of the energy-weighted sum for the overtone mode to the total energy-weighted sum rule and derive a simple expression for the macroscopic transition density associated with the overtone mode. This macroscopic transition density agrees well with that obtained from the HF-RPA calculations. We also point out that the ISGMR and its overtone can be clearly identified by considering the response to the electromagnetic external field [Formula Presented]. 2003 The American Physical Society.