Identification of gut microbiota-derived metabolites as liver inflammation modulators in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors an estimated 10 to 100 trillion microorganisms, encompassing several hundred different species. Collectively referred to as the gut microbiota, the microbes perform a number of essential physiological functions, including the metabolism of complex carbohydrates [1], development of the immune system [2], and defense against pathogens [3]. Beyond the GI tract, gut-brain, gut-lung, and gut-liver associations have also been identified, highlighting the importance of the microbiota in host physiology. Consistent with the view that the microbiota is critical for whole body homeostasis, alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition (i.e. dysbiosis) have been correlated to various diseases, including obesity [4, 5], diabetes [6], and cancer [7].
