Effects of dietary protein source and protein-lipid source interaction on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) egg biochemical composition, egg production and quality, and fry hatching percentage and performance
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The relative importance of proteins (amino acids) and protein-lipid interactions for reproduction of channel catfish can be assessed qualitatively. We conducted a feeding/spawning trial to determine the effects of protein source and protein-lipid interactions of channel catfish broodstock diets on egg biochemical composition and egg and fry production. A general linear mixed model was used to examine statistical significance ( = 0.05) among the diets and to compare the main effects using adjusted marginal means (Bonferroni) in order to examine the significance of the lipid source protein source interaction (contrast statements). All diets contained 36% crude protein and the broodfish were fed on 69 d of the 141-d trial based upon a water temperature dependent schedule. Broodfish fed an all plant protein (PP) diet with 10% fish oil (FO) had lower spawning success (33.3%) than fish fed three diets containing animal protein (58.3%). Fecundity of broodfish fed a control diet containing fish meal (FM), poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and 10% FO (6432 1915 eggs kg female- 1), or a diet containing FM-PBM-5% FO and 5% poultry fat (PF);(6420 1930 eggs kg female- 1) was greater than fecundity of fish fed the PP-FO diet (1072 371 eggs kg female- 1), while fecundity of females fed a diet containing PBM and 10% FO was intermediate (4060 1261 eggs kg female- 1). Total egg production was greater for fish fed the FM-PBM-FO-PF diet (38 174.6 11 031.8 eggstank- 1) than fish fed the PP-FO diet (6571.0 2212.1 eggstank- 1), while fish fed the FM-PBM-FO (32 114.9 7034.4 eggstank- 1) or PBM-FO (20 619.3 6084.1 eggstank- 1) diets had intermediate total egg production. Broodstock fed the FM-PBM-FO-PF diet produced heavier egg masses than broodstock fed the PBM-FO or PP-FO diets. The number of eggs per spawn was greater from fish fed the control and FM-PBM-FO-PF diets than from fish fed the PP-FO diet. No differences in protein-bound amino acid (AA) or free amino acid (FAA) composition were found among eggs when only dietary protein source (FM-PBM, PBM, or PP) was examined. A significant (P < 0.05) dietary protein by lipid source interaction was found among diets when protein and lipid sources (diet) were used to examine FAA composition among eggs. Eggs produced by fish fed the FM-PBM-FO diet contained greater amounts of total FAA, essential isoleucine and leucine, and non-essential glycine, than eggs from fish fed the other diets. Eggs from broodfish fed the control or FM-PBM-FO-PF diets exhibited greater hatching success and total fry production than eggs from broodstock fed the PP-FO diet. A diet can be formulated to improve reproductive efficiency of channel catfish compared to current production diets. Results from the present experiment indicate that such a diet should contain 10% supplemental lipid as menhaden FO or a 1:1 or greater mixture of FO and PF. Also, the diet should contain 35% crude protein from a variety of plant and animal protein sources. Broodstock performance was enhanced when animal protein sources (two or more preferable) comprised at least 15% of the total diet and menhaden FM comprised at least one third of the animal protein sources. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
